Testing Methodologies

Enhancing the security of internal networks is crucial. To achieve this, HackerOne utilizes robust testing methodologies grounded in established frameworks such as PTES, OSSTMM, NIST SP 800-115, and CREST. These methodologies are tailored to analyze various assessment types, including internal networks, which are pivotal for understanding the security posture of an organization. By consulting industry experts and leveraging vast customer insights, HackerOne ensures a comprehensive, evolving approach to penetration testing.

It is imperative to stay ahead of threats, which continually evolve. Hence, HackerOne's Delivery team, including experienced Technical Engagement Managers (TEMs), constantly refines approaches based on real-world feedback, providing unparalleled security assurance.

Common Internal Network Vulnerabilities

General Network Security Issues

Network segmentation is a fundamental practice to enhance security. By isolating parts of the network, unauthorized access to the entire network can be prevented, requiring additional techniques to pivot between sections. Key network components like firewalls and switches support this approach. Misconfigurations at network ingress and egress points can have serious security implications, potentially exposing sensitive data.

Utilizing unencrypted protocols is a critical risk as well. Transmitting data in plaintext across networks allows malicious actors to capture sensitive information using network inspection tools. Secure protocols should replace insecure ones to prevent breaches.

A lack of strong credential security practices commonly leads to security incidents. Implementing measures like Multi-Factor Authentication and regular credential rotation helps mitigate this risk.

Vulnerabilities Specific to Microsoft Environments

Microsoft Active Directory (AD) is commonly used within organizations but can introduce vulnerabilities if not properly managed. Issues such as outdated protocols and misconfigurations in access controls may lead to stolen credentials and unauthorized escalations.

Active Directory Certificate Services (ADCS)

ADCS is crucial for managing public-key infrastructure (PKI) certificates. Misconfigured template settings in ADCS can be exploited, leading to unauthorized access across domains. Proper management of certificate templates is essential to maintain security.

NTLM and Kerberos

NTLM, despite known vulnerabilities, is still used due to legacy system compatibility. It is susceptible to attacks like NTLM Relay, which exploit weaknesses in the authentication process. Kerberos, a more secure protocol, utilizes encrypted tickets for authentication, yet remains vulnerable to certain attacks aimed at unauthorized access.

Internal Network Testing Best Practices

Careful Scoping

Defining the right scope is critical for successful pentesting. The scope should align with testing goals, prioritizing vital areas when resources are limited. HackerOne aids in accurately determining test conditions and offers tailored solutions.

Skills-Based Tester Matching

Effective network testing requires engaging specialists knowledgeable in technologies like Active Directory and NTLM. HackerOne offers a Pentest as a Service (PTaaS) model that connects clients with experts skilled in specific technologies, ensuring thorough and comprehensive network testing.

Zero Trust Internal Network Access

Providing secure access for testers to internal environments can be challenging. Traditional methods may compromise security and reduce tester efficiency. HackerOne's Gateway, utilizing Zero Trust principles, offers an efficient solution. It leverages Cloudflare's WARP technology to connect testers securely and swiftly to internal targets without compromising security.

Case Study: NotPetya

In 2017, the NotPetya malware, linked to the Fancy Bear group, demonstrated the catastrophic effects of insufficient internal network security. It spread through exploited Windows vulnerabilities, causing significant global damage. Maersk, one of the affected organizations, reported substantial operational and financial impacts.

HackerOne Optimizes Internal Network Pentests Through Community-driven PTaaS

HackerOne’s community-driven PTaaS model simplifies and enhances the internal network testing process. It enables effective vulnerability assessments across diverse technological environments, ensuring improved security for organizational assets in a dynamic threat landscape.

This article builds on cybersecurity insights originally reported by HackerOne.